Evaluating CMR
Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes/CVD Risk
Limitations
- 1Key Points (1 page)
- 2An Ongoing Debate (2 pages)
- 3Differences Between Existing Guidelines (2 pages)
- 4The Metabolic Syndrome is a Progressive Disorder (2 pages)
- 5Is the Whole Greater Than the Sum of its Parts? (1 page)
- 6Conclusion (1 page)
- 7References (1 page)
References
- Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-607.
- Reaven GM. The metabolic syndrome: is this diagnosis necessary? Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 1237-47.
- Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, et al. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2289-304.
- Després JP and Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2006; 444: 881-7.
- Reaven GM. The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment. Annu Rev Nutr 2005; 25: 391-406.
- Lean ME, Han TS and Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ 1995; 311: 158-61.
- Dekker JM, Girman C, Rhodes T, et al. Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn Study. Circulation 2005; 112: 666-73.
- Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005; 112: 2735-52.
- Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, et al. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2005; 112: 3066-72.
- Macchia A, Levantesi G, Borrelli G, et al. A clinically practicable diagnostic score for metabolic syndrome improves its predictivity of diabetes mellitus: the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione scoring. Am Heart J 2006; 151: 754 e7- e17.
- Wang JJ, Qiao Q, Miettinen ME, et al. The metabolic syndrome defined by factor analysis and incident type 2 diabetes in a chinese population with high postprandial glucose. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2429-37.
- Lorenzo C, Okoloise M, Williams K, et al. The metabolic syndrome as predictor of type 2 diabetes: the San Antonio heart study. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 3153-9.
- de Simone G, Devereux RB, Chinali M, et al. Prognostic impact of metabolic syndrome by different definitions in a population with high prevalence of obesity and diabetes: the Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1851-6.
- Orchard TJ, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, et al. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 611-9.
- Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393-403.
- Wooley SC and Garner DM. Obesity treatment: the high cost of false hope. J Am Diet Assoc 1991; 91: 1248-51.

The Concept of CMR
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