The Concept of CMR
Slides, videos and moreEvaluating CMR
Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes/CVD Risk
NCEP-ATP III
- 1Key Points (1 page)
- 2The NCEP-ATP III Statement of 2001 (2 pages)
- 3Etiology and Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome and its Components According to NCEP-ATP III (4 pages)
- 4NCEP-ATP III Clinical Tools for Diagnosing the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes/CVD Risk (3 pages)
- 5References (1 page)
Etiology and Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome and its Components According to NCEP-ATP III
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Some individuals and ethnic groups are genetically more prone to developing the metabolic syndrome. It has been reported that patients with rare single gene disorders or common genetic variants may develop features of the metabolic syndrome (5). However, the metabolic syndrome rarely occurs in non-obese, non-smoking individuals with a healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity and a healthy diet that emphasizes consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and moderate alcohol intake. An energy-dense diet and sedentary lifestyle are therefore key factors underpinning development of the metabolic syndrome. According to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) scientific statement of 2005 (6), excess body fat and intra-abdominal (visceral) fat in particular are at the core of the metabolic complications observed in the metabolic syndrome. Along with insulin resistance, physical inactivity, aging, and hormonal imbalance, excess intra-abdominal adipose tissue increases the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and related complications. According to NCEP-ATP III, management of the metabolic syndrome should focus first on abdominal obesity and physical inactivity, targeting complications of excess intra-abdominal fat thereafter. Once LDL cholesterol levels are brought under control, NCEP-ATP III recommends that the best strategy for individuals with the metabolic syndrome is a weight reduction of 7 to 10% of initial body weight within 6 to 12 months. To achieve this weight loss, a daily caloric deficit of about 500 to 1,000 kilocalories should be induced through better food choices that reduce diet energy density.
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