Physical Activity and Exercise

Exercise and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

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Apolipoprotein B is the apolipoprotein moiety of the atherogenic lipoproteins and represents all non-HDL cholesterol (namely VLDL, IDL, and LDL) in circulation (74). A number of studies have shown that apolipoprotein B levels predict CVD and related events independent of traditional risk factors (75), including the established lipid risk factors described above (76) (77). Accordingly, some suggest the use of apolipoprotein B in lieu of traditional lipid markers (i.e., LDL cholesterol) for predicting vascular disease (78). Cross-sectional studies suggest that individuals who are most active tend to have the lowest apolipoprotein B levels (79, 80). In addition, a number of exercise intervention studies have shown that exercise (81-83) and exercise combined with caloric restriction (84, 85) can significantly reduce apolipoprotein B levels. These reductions range from 7 to 20% or 0.10 to 0.20 g/l, and the response to exercise appears to be greater among those with elevated baseline triglyceride concentrations (86).

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83. Ring-Dimitriou S, von Duvillard SP, Paulweber B, et al. Nine months aerobic fitness induced changes on blood lipids and lipoproteins in untrained subjects versus controls. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 99: 291-9.

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