Managing CMR

Managing Cardiometabolic Risk in Abdominally Obese Patients

Physical Activity and Exercise

Exercise and Systemic Inflammation

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Systemic inflammation has recently been recognized as a common thread linking various cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia(114, 115). For example, low-grade systemic inflammation has been tied to diabetes (116) and the metabolic syndrome (117). Chronic low-grade inflammation is generally used to describe the slight (2 to 3x) increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). As the notion of inflammation in relation to cardiometabolic risk is fairly recent, the amount of literature on the effects of exercise on inflammation pales in comparison to that available for more established risk factors, such as insulin resistance (reviewed above).


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114. Das UN. Obesity, metabolic syndrome X, and inflammation. Nutrition 2002; 18: 430-2.
115. Dandona P, Aljada A and Bandyopadhyay A. Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends Immunol 2004; 25: 4-7.
116. Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, et al. Low-grade systemic inflammation and the development of type 2 diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes 2003; 52: 1799-805.
117. Han TS, Sattar N, Williams K, et al. Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 2016-21.