The Concept of CMR
Slides, videos and moreManaging CMR
Managing Cardiometabolic Risk in Abdominally Obese Patients
Physical Activity and Exercise
- 1Key Points (1 page)
- 2Exercise and Cardiometabolic Risk (2 pages)
- 3Exercise and Abdominal Obesity (3 pages)
- 4Exercise and Insulin Resistance (5 pages)
- 5Exercise and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia (4 pages)
- 6Exercise and Elevated Blood Pressure (3 pages)
- 7Exercise and Thrombosis (3 pages)
- 8Exercise and Systemic Inflammation (3 pages)
- 9References (1 page)
Exercise and Abdominal Obesity
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It has been suggested that abdominal obesity, especially intra-abdominal obesity, may be a central component of cardiometabolic risk that is linked to many other individual risk factors (20). According to recent reviews (21, 22), regular exercise appears to readily reduce abdominal and intra-abdominal obesity. This evidence is presented below.
The literature suggests that regular exercise causes a wide range of intra-abdominal fat changes, from a minor reduction of approximately 5% (23) up to a 50% reduction (24). These changes in intra-abdominal fat also produce a wide range of reductions in body weight. Generally, the highest levels of exercise induce the highest energy deficit, which causes greater weight loss and a greater reduction in intra-abdominal fat. For example, approximately 60 minutes of daily exercise over three months is associated with a 1.0 and 0.7 kg (-28 and -26%) reduction in intra-abdominal fat and a 7.7 and 6.6 kg weight loss in obese men and women, respectively (25, 26). Approximately 20 to 25 minutes of daily exercise was reported to reduce intra-abdominal fat by only 6 to 10%, which corresponded with a modest weight loss (1.4 to 1.8 kg) in overweight women (23) and obese women with diabetes (27). Illustrating a dose-response relationship between exercise dose, weight loss, and intra-abdominal fat loss, Irwin et al. (23) found that women who were highly active (>28 min/day) lost 6.9% of their intra-abdominal fat, compared to a 5.9% loss among intermediate active women (19 to 28 min/day), a 3.4% loss in low active women (≤18 min/day), and a 0.1% gain in controls over a year-long intervention.
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