The Concept of CMR
Intra-abdominal Adipose Tissue: the Culprit?
Respective Roles of Intra-abdominal Fat and Liver Fat
- 1Key Points (1 page)
- 2The Portal Theory (2 pages)
- 3Fatty Liver and Intra-abdominal Adipose Tissue (1 page)
- 4References (1 page)
References
- Bjorntorp P. "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 493-6.
- Marin P, Andersson B, Ottosson M, et al. The morphology and metabolism of intraabdominal adipose tissue in men. Metabolism 1992; 41: 1242-8.
- Kelley DE, McKolanis TM, Hegazi RA, et al. Fatty liver in type 2 diabetes mellitus: relation to regional adiposity, fatty acids, and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 285: E906-16.
- Westerbacka J, Corner A, Tiikkainen M, et al. Women and men have similar amounts of liver and intra-abdominal fat, despite more subcutaneous fat in women: implications for sex differences in markers of cardiovascular risk. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 1360-9.
- Nguyen-Duy TB, Nichaman MZ, Church TS, et al. Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284: E1065-71.
- Kabir M, Catalano KJ, Ananthnarayan S, et al. Molecular evidence supporting the portal theory: a causative link between visceral adiposity and hepatic insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288: E454-61.
- Kim SP, Ellmerer M, Van Citters GW, et al. Primacy of hepatic insulin resistance in the development of the metabolic syndrome induced by an isocaloric moderate-fat diet in the dog. Diabetes 2003; 52: 2453-60.
- Bergman RN. Orchestration of glucose homeostasis: from a small acorn to the California oak. Diabetes 2007; 56: 1489-501.
- Bergman RN, Kim SP, Catalano KJ, et al. Why visceral fat is bad: mechanisms of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14 Suppl 1: 16S-9S.
- Tiikkainen M, Tamminen M, Hakkinen AM, et al. Liver-fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese women with previous gestational diabetes. Obes Res 2002; 10: 859-67.
- Seppala-Lindroos A, Vehkavaara S, Hakkinen AM, et al. Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 3023-8.
- Frayn KN. Visceral fat and insulin resistance--causative or correlative? Br J Nutr 2000; 83 Suppl 1: S71-7.
- Klein S. The case of visceral fat: argument for the defense. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 1530-2.
- Dixon JB, Bhathal PS and O'Brien PE. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in the severely obese. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 91-100.
- Marchesini G, Brizi M, Morselli-Labate AM, et al. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance. Am J Med 1999; 107: 450-5.
- Banerji MA, Buckley MC, Chaiken RL, et al. Liver fat, serum triglycerides and visceral adipose tissue in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant black men with NIDDM. Int. J. Obes. 1995; 19: 846-50.
- Adiels M, Taskinen MR, Packard C, et al. Overproduction of large VLDL particles is driven by increased liver fat content in man. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 755-65.
- Kuk JL, Nichaman MZ, Church TS, et al. Liver fat is not a marker of metabolic risk in lean premenopausal women. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1066-71.
- Kuk JL, Katzmarzyk PT, Nichaman MZ, et al. Visceral fat is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14: 336-41.

The Concept of CMR
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