The Concept of CMR
Intra-abdominal Adipose Tissue: the Culprit?
Influence of Ethnicity
- 1Key Points (1 page)
- 2The Influence of Ethnicity on Adipose Tissue Distribution (3 pages)
- 3The Influence of Ethnicity on Metabolic Complications (2 pages)
- 4References (1 page)
References
- McTigue KM, Garrett JM and Popkin BM. The natural history of the development of obesity in a cohort of young U.S. adults between 1981 and 1998. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 857-64.
- Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363: 157-63.
- Deurenberg P, Yap M and van Staveren WA. Body mass index and percent body fat: a meta analysis among different ethnic groups. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 1164-71.
- Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M and Guricci S. Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index/body fat per cent relationship. Obes Rev 2002; 3: 141-6.
- Razak F, Anand SS, Shannon H, et al. Defining Obesity Cut Points in a Multiethnic Population. Circulation 2007.
- Després JP, Couillard C, Gagnon J, et al. Race, visceral adipose tissue, plasma lipids, and lipoprotein lipase activity in men and women: the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE) family study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 1932-8.
- Albu JB, Murphy L, Frager DH, et al. Visceral fat and race-dependent health risks in obese nondiabetic premenopausal women. Diabetes 1997; 46: 456-62.
- Lovejoy JC, de la Bretonne JA, Klemperer M, et al. Abdominal fat distribution and metabolic risk factors: effects of race. Metabolism 1996; 45: 1119-24.
- Conway JM, Chanetsa FF and Wang P. Intraabdominal adipose tissue and anthropometric surrogates in African American women with upper- and lower-body obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66: 1345-51.
- Kadowaki T, Sekikawa A, Murata K, et al. Japanese men have larger areas of visceral adipose tissue than Caucasian men in the same levels of waist circumference in a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30: 1163-5.
- Fujimoto WY. Overview of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in different population groups. Diabet Med 1996; 13: S7-10.
- Hoffman DJ, Wang Z, Gallagher D, et al. Comparison of visceral adipose tissue mass in adult African Americans and whites. Obes Res 2005; 13: 66-74.
- Vega GL, Clark LT, Tang A, et al. Hepatic lipase activity is lower in African American men than in white American men: effects of 5' flanking polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC). J Lipid Res 1998; 39: 228-32.
- Dowling HJ and Pi-Sunyer FX. Race-dependent health risks of upper body obesity. Diabetes 1993; 42: 537-43.
- Abate N and Chandalia M. The impact of ethnicity on type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2003; 17: 39-58.
- Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Viswanathan V, et al. Risk of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus conferred by obesity and central adiposity in different ethnic groups: a comparative analysis between Asian Indians, Mexican Americans and Whites. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1997; 36: 121-5.
- McKeigue PM, Shah B and Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet 1991; 337: 382-6.
- Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, Bergstrom RW, et al. Visceral adiposity, fasting plasma insulin, and blood pressure in Japanese-Americans. Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 174-81.
- Fujimoto WY, Bergstrom RW, Boyko EJ, et al. Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American Community Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 1808-12.
- Kadowaki T, Sekikawa A, Okamura T, et al. Higher levels of adiponectin in American than in Japanese men despite obesity. Metabolism 2006; 55: 1561-3.
- Côté M, Mauriège P, Bergeron J, et al. Adiponectinemia in visceral obesity: impact on glucose tolerance and plasma lipoprotein and lipid levels in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 1434-9.

The Concept of CMR
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