The Concept of CMR

The Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Epidemics

Energy Expenditure

Key Points

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  • Obesity and related comorbidities occur when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over time.
  • In sedentary individuals, resting metabolic rate accounts for a large part of total energy expenditure.
  • Physical activity increases energy expenditure by increasing resting metabolic rate, enhancing sensitivity to specific hormones, and decreasing post-exercise energy intake.
  • Physical activity has the greatest impact on total daily energy expenditure. However, a high level of physical activity is required for this to occur.
  • Exercise benefits cardiovascular health and risk factors beyond what can be explained by increased energy expenditure.